Quantification of the health risk associated with wastewater reuse in Accra, Ghana: a contribution toward local guidelines.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) models with 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations were applied to ascertain the risks of rotavirus and Ascaris infections for farmers using different irrigation water qualities and consumers of lettuce irrigated with the different water qualities after allowing post-harvest handling. A tolerable risk (TR) of infection of 7.7 x 10(-4) and 1 x 10(-2) per person per year were used for rotavirus and Ascaris respectively. The risk of Ascaris infection was within a magnitude of 10(-2) for farmers accidentally ingesting drain or stream irrigation water; approximately 10(0) for farmers accidentally ingesting farm soil and 10(0) for farmers ingesting any of the irrigation waters and contaminated soil. There was a very low risk (10(-5)) of Ascaris infection for farmers using pipe-water. For consumers, the annual risks of Ascaris and rotavirus infections were 10(0) and 10(-3) for drain and stream irrigated lettuce respectively with slight increases for rotavirus infections along the post-harvest handling chain. Pipe irrigated lettuce recorded a rotavirus infection of 10(-4) with no changes due to post harvest handling. The assessment identified on-farm soil contamination as the most significant health hazard.
منابع مشابه
Influential Factors in the Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis in Directly Observed Therapy at the La General Hospital in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Background: Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa, especially Ghana. Despite the current treatments for tuberculosis, positive treatment outcomes are not attainable due to the differences in the socio-economic and bio-psychological status of the patients. The present study aimed to assess the influential factors in the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis. Methods: T...
متن کاملGlycine/NMDA Receptor Pathway and Mediating the Rapid-Onset Antidepressant Effect of Alkaloids From Trichilia Monadelpha
Introduction: Major depressive disorder is often associated with suicidal tendencies, and this condition accentuates the need for rapid-acting antidepressants. We previously reported that alkaloids (ALK) from Trichilia monadelpha possess antidepressant action in acute animal models of depression and that this effect is mediated through the monoamine and L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathways. This study i...
متن کاملDetection of Toxicogenic Molds in Some Legumes Sold in Local Markets of Ho, Ghana
Background: Legumes are plants that contain edible seeds and belong to the family Leguminosae with varying nutritional benefits to humans and animals. This study aimed to detect and identify toxicogenic molds on some legumes purchased from two local markets in Ho Municipality, Ghana. Methods: A total of 36 samples, including cowpea (n=9), soybean (n=9), brown bean (n=9), and Bambara bean (n=9)...
متن کاملOperationalization of the Ghanaian Patients’ Charter in a Peri-urban Public Hospital: Voices of Healthcare Workers and Patients
Background Health is a basic human right necessary for the exercise of other human rights. Every human being is, therefore, entitled to the highest possible standard of health necessary to living a life of dignity. Establishment of patients’ Charter is a step towards protecting the rights and responsibilities of patients, but violation of patients’ rights is common in healthcare institutions, e...
متن کاملEvaluation of pesticide residues in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and the potential health risk to consumers in urban areas of Ghana
Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, and Accra are the major recipients of agricultural commodities or productions in Ghana, primarily due to their population and ready markets. To ensure food security, meet food demands, and mitigate the threats posed by pests and diseases, pesticides are used when cultivating vegetables and fruits in Ghana. The present study has been conducted to assess the concentratio...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of water and health
دوره 6 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008